Pharmaco-EEG studies using clinical electroencephalograms (EEG) and quantitative EEG (qEEG) technologies have existed for over four decades. This is a promising area which could improve psychotropic intervention using neurological data. One of the objectives in our clinical practice has been to collect electroencephalography (EEG) and quantitative EEG (qEEG) data. In the past five years, we have identified a subset of refractory cases (n=386) found to contain commonalities of a small number of electrophysiological features (neurobiomarkers) in the following diagnostic categories: mood, anxiety, autistic spectrum, and attention deficit disorders. Four neurobiomarkers were noted in the majority of medication failure cases and these abnormalities did not appear to significantly align with their diagnoses. Those were: encephalopathy, focal slowing, beta spindles, and transient discharges. To analyze the relationship noted, they were tested for association with the assigned diagnoses. Fisher’s Exact Test and Binary Logistics Regression found very little (6.25%) association between particular EEG/qEEG abnormalities and diagnoses. Findings from studies of this type suggest that EEG/qEEG provides individualized understanding of pharmacotherapy failures and has the potential to improve medication selection.

Hypoxia-related disorders play an important role in irreversible tissue damage via activation of certain secondary processes. The objective of the current project was to study the levels of cellular hypoxia, apoptosis controlling factors in relation to the value of kidney function impairment and to evaluate possible protective effects of the treatment with antioxidant agent tocopherol in pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome. An examination ofrenalbiopsies of 53 patients (agedfrom 10 to 15years) withnephrotic syndromewasdone. Conventional clinical investigations, immunogistichemistry, immunoblotting have been applied in this study.\r\nWe show that nephrotic patients reveal a high level of cellular hypoxia marker HIF-1α and its dependence on the level of kidney function impairment and proteinuria. The progression of the sclerosis as a sign of irreversible kidney damage was accompanied by gradual increase in expression of proapoptotic factor Bax. Administration of the antioxidant tocopherol in addition to the conventional scheme (immunosuppressive agents, ACE inhibitors)resulted in an improvement of hypoxia level, proapoptotic factor Bax expression, clinical symptoms. Thus, hypoxia-induces disorders in nephrotic children presented by disturbances in apoptosis controlling system can be attenuated by the antioxidants application in addition to the conventional treatment.